How does the electricity sector work and what is its impact on the planet?

As part of environmental conservation, electricity generation should be shifted to renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectric, wind, solar, among others.

In the midst of the growing global crisis associated with climate change and the need for a transition to cleaner energy sources, it is essential to understand how the electricity sector works and its impact on the environment, especially because in Peru there may be several myths and prejudices about the generation of this resource. In that sense, Celepsa, a leading company in the energy sector, explores the essential functioning of the electricity sector and examines the environmental implications of its operation.

The electricity sector is a vital component of modern infrastructure, supplying electricity to homes, businesses and communities around the world. Its operation is based on three main stages:

• Electric power generation: Electric power is produced from a variety of resources, including fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), nuclear, hydroelectric, solar, wind, and other renewable sources. Each source has a different environmental impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants. For example, hydroelectric, solar and wind power come from renewable sources, which do not deplete the planet's natural resources.
• Transmission of electric power: Once electric power is generated, it is transmitted through high-voltage grids that span long distances. These grids allow electricity to flow from the generation plants to the areas of consumption.
• Distribution of electric power: Finally, electricity is distributed through local grids that deliver power to our homes, businesses and industrial facilities. This process culminates with the supply and marketing of electricity to end consumers.

Impact on the Planet: Challenges and Opportunities

While the electricity sector is essential for the development and well-being of modern society, it also has a significant impact on the environment. Fossil fuel power plants are a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions; therefore, the search for and implementation of solutions to mitigate their polluting effects is mandatory.

However, the transition to cleaner and renewable energy sources offers opportunities to mitigate these impacts. Hydroelectric, solar, wind and other renewable energy sources produce fewer emissions and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

The operation of the electricity sector is a crucial component of modern society. Therefore, the accelerated adoption of renewable energy sources and the implementation of more efficient practices are key steps to ensure a sustainable and resilient future. Collaboration between governments, industries and communities is essential to achieve a positive transformation in the power sector and address environmental challenges.